Debris flow runout simulation and analysis using a dynamic model. Use the link above to view debris flow hazard maps from past fires, or to inquire about having a new assessment continue reading debris flow modeling. Yade 1 is a 3d opensource discrete element code which can be used for rockfall and debris flow analysis. Flowr is a tool for susceptibility assessment, but it is not suitable for individual event modelling because the calcu. Software and course materials for teaching numerical mod elling in the. Using basic model flo 2d, it is possible to model debris flow barriers in channel bed flow introducing volume detention basin estimated m3. The usgs landslide hazards program performs emergency assessment of postfire debris flow hazards for select fires. Estimation of monthly distribution of debrisflow events for.
Twodimensional simulation of debris flow impact pressures on. By way of ramms, the slf places a valuable instrument at the disposal of practitioners and researchers alike. Among the important and common features of the debris flow, the entrainment is the one that can increase the volume of debris flow and affects significantly the flow motion. The models do not predict downstream impacts, potential debrisflow runout paths, and the areal extent of debrisflow or flood inundation. Debris flow ramms dfa program originally developed for runout estimation of debris flows and snow avalanches. Ramms is a software package that allows these natural hazard processes to be evaluated and facilitates an assessment of the influences of protective measures. Debris flow, flood modelling, hydraulic modelling, inondazioni urbane, modellazione numerica, numerical modeling, pai, rischio idrogeologico, swmm, training courses, urban flooding mar 12 flo2d pro is the 2d hydraulic modelling software used for the flood map updating project for the tiber river within the city of rome 03. Over the past 30 years, flo2d has become the most widely used. Twodimensional simulation of debris flow impact pressures.
Development of debris flow impact force models based on. In this paper we are using the term debris flow to refer to any subaerial flowing mixture of particles in water where the particle can range from sediments to boulders. Debris flows are gravitational mass movements of rock incorporated in a fluid matrix of fine sediments suspended in water. Oblique view over top of front of debris flow, showing abundant large clasts protruding from the front, essentially forming a dam of interlocked blocks and boulders. Probabilistic assessment of debris flow hazard on alluvial fans. With this aim, this work presents trent2d wg, a new smart modelling solution for the stateoftheart model trent2d armanini et al. European geosciences union egu, general assembly, 1520 april 2007, vienna, austria. The kinetic characteristics of a debris flow and its impacts against an obstacle can be analysed using a physicallybased representation of the debris flow movements. Debris flow channel with deposits left after 2010 storms in ladakh, nw indian himalaya. Description and numerical modelling of the october 2000. Development of debris flow impact force models based on flume.
Which is the best nonnewtonian fluid to describe the debris flow. They derived probability distributions from past events runouts and calculated the probability distribution of debris mobility for each volume class. Avalanches, debris flows and rockfalls are everyday occurrences in the mountains. The flo2d model was conceptualized in 1986 to predict mudflow hydraulics. Note coarse bouldery levees on both sides of the channel, and poorly sorted rocks on the channel floor. Ceris instituto superior tcnico university of lisbon av. Flowr, a model for susceptibility mapping of debris. Flo2d pro comprehensive, affordable and easy flood modeling. Additional torrent control strategies on debris flow alluvial fans with extremely high vulnerable settlements. Flowr flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a regional scale is a distributed empirical model for regional susceptibility assessments of debris. Armanini a, gregoretti c 2000 triggering of debrisflow by overland flow.
Against this backdrop, this study was conducted to. Successful debris flow hazard management in mountain regions is often based on the use of mathematical models. In mountain areas, mass movements, such as hillslope debris flows, pose a serious threat to people and infrastructure, although size and runout distances are often smaller than those of debris avalanches or inchannelbased processes like debris floods or debris flows. Additional torrent control strategies on debris flow. Two parts of a debris flow during 1969, wrightwood, california debrisflow episode. Due to reliability constrained efficiency of consolidation protection measures with unsatisfactory performance in case of.
Dmm software developed by the geotechnical engineer ing office. International congress on environmental modelling and software. For information on what to do if you live in a recentlyburned area where debris flows are possible, and there is a rainstorm before, during, and after, download the national weather service post wildfire. Additional torrent control strategies on debris flow alluvial. Which are the best openfree softwares for debris flow and. In this paper we are using the term debris flow to refer to any subaerial flowing mixture of particles in water where the particle can range from sediments to. Wieczorek gf, naeser nd eds debris flow hazards mitigation. Soil erosion control dams are widely used as part of measures to reduce damage caused by debris flow all over the world. Debris flow modelling simulation in the french alps youtube. Jan 26, 2018 they recorded flow features such as deposit thickness, size of boulders and inundation depth on gpsconnected electronic tablets. Flow 3d offers various degrees of sophistication when it comes to modeling both the avalanche itself and the resulting flood wave propagation. Recent extreme debris flow and hyperconcentrated flow events in the alpine regions have shown on the one hand the enormous destructive impact power on buildings, bridges and roads, and on the other hand, the limits of classical torrent control measures.
A comparison between theoretical and experimental results. For inverse modelling reasons, the slight improvement of overestimation in predicting the deposition area with parameter settings b and c may motivate future research to consider yield stress of the flow for simulating runout of hillslope debris flow events, whereas both backcalculated yield stress values of the flow are in a similar range. The following simulated results based on the particles passing through the falling door tests and. Modeling of debris flow using distinct element method. Estimation of monthly distribution of debrisflow events. Two parts of a debris flow during 1969, wrightwood, california debris flow episode. Flow3d offers various degrees of sophistication when it comes to modeling both the avalanche itself and the resulting flood wave propagation. For inverse modelling reasons, the slight improvement of overestimation in predicting the deposition area with parameter settings b and c may motivate future research to consider yield stress of the flow for simulating runout of hillslope debrisflow events, whereas both backcalculated yield stress values of the flow are in a similar range. Debris flow modelling a twodimensional numerical model for hazard assessment of debris flows excellent visualisation of debris flows with state of the art software powerful tool in hazard management and planning of mitigation measures retrospective modelling of a debris flow event in the swiss alps. This training package focuses on flo2d component to simulate hyperconcentrated sediment flows mud and debris flows. Often the term debris avalanche is used to refer to the largest, most rapid events. We use bednormal coordinates, where x and y are local orthogonal directions tangential to the bed, and z is the bednormal direction in which quantities are depth averaged see fig.
The models do not predict downstream impacts, potential debris flow runout paths, and the areal extent of debris flow or flood inundation. Debris flow modelling simulation in the french alps. Flow r flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a regional scale is a distributed empirical model for regional susceptibility assessments of debris flows, developed at the university of lausanne. Then, the debris flow velocity model was established based on the factor related to the debris flow velocity. Debris flow modelling is an active area of research and the underlying principle can be applied to a variety of processes including snow avalanche, debris flows, landslides, mud flows and even rock falls and has therefore found significant role in disaster management.
Rapid mass movement system ramms is an simulation software based on numerical calculations. This is a debris flow scenario modelled in 5m resolution with the ramms software after the implementation of channel mitigation measures on the. Comparison between flo2d and ramms in debrisflow modelling. Successful debrisflow hazard management in mountain regions is often based on the use of mathematical models. A depthaveraged debrisflow model that includes the. Flowr flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a regional scale is a distributed empirical model for regional susceptibility assessments of debris flows, developed at the university of lausanne. Garciamartinez department of earth and environment, florida international university and flo2d. Emergency assessment of postfire debrisflow hazards. The location data are used to help emergency responders and will be used to model the flow. For large channelized debris flows, users typically start the model by specifying an input hydrograph flow discharge as a function of time at a. Which are the best openfree softwares for debris flow and rock fall.
Ramms rapid mass movements is an unified software package that combines. The us federal emergency management agency fema supported the initial model development and first application to telluride, colorado in 1988. A numerical investigation of the interaction between. Debris flows are fast moving, liquefied landslides of mixed and unconsolidated water and debris that look like flowing concrete. Based on data from 19 welldocumented hillslope debrisflow events in switzerland, we performed a systematic evaluation of runout simulations conducted with the software rapid mass movement simulation. Recent advances in debris flow modelling xiaobo wang 1, dave h. Our model equations describe a debris flow on an inclined planar basal surface, with flow velocity components parallel to the surface. Overcoming these drawbacks can lead to a wider diffusion of advanced modelling tools. How to run debris flow simulation using ramms basic steps.
After a debris flow event, satellite imagery helps document the scope of the event, but in order to provide the best data to. Yet compared to debris flow initiation from shallow landslides, the mechanics by which runoff generates a debris flow are less understood. Mar 31, 2016 this is a debris flow scenario modelled in 5m resolution with the ramms software after the implementation of channel mitigation measures on the debris fan area in the french alps. Debris flow, flood modelling, hydraulic modelling, inondazioni urbane, modellazione numerica, numerical modeling, pai, rischio idrogeologico, swmm, training courses, urban flooding mar 12 english flo2d pro is the 2d hydraulic modelling software used for the flood map updating project for the tiber river within the city of rome 03. Engineering considerations are needed for proper design of erosion control dams, but in the republic of korea, the impact force of debris flow is not fully reflected in the current design criteria of the dam. Titan2d is a free software application developed by the geophysical mass flow group at the state university of new york suny at buffalo.
Jun 21, 2014 rapid mass movement system ramms is an simulation software based on numerical calculations. A debris flow represents a mixture of sediment particles of various sizes and water flowing down a confined, channelshaped region e. The results indicate that the integrated model is capable of simulating the initiation and subsequent flowing process of raininduced debris flows. Geological survey geologists joined county, state, and federal partners to survey and evaluate the aftermath. However, advanced models are generally quite complex to be applied, not entirely userfriendly and require highperforming hardware. The two sets of equations related to the fluid and solid phases, as considered by the debris flow mixture theory, have been simplified in only one set of equations, considering just one equivalent material. Dagostino department of land and agroforest environments, padova university, italy abstract this paper presents a comparison of the results obtained through the use of two numerical models for debris flow simulation. It was successfully applied to different case studies in various countries. Debris flow modelling with highperformance meshless methods ricardo b. Usgs geologists join efforts in montecito to assess debris.
The main purpose of this study was to use the discrete element methodbased program, particle flow code pfc2d, to study the mechanisms of particle movement including contact forces, displacements, flow pattern, and the strength parameters between particles of debris flow. It only depends weakly on the assumed constitutive law, but there is little experimental or theoretical evidence for a satisfactory description. The kinetic characteristics of a debris flow and its impacts against an obstacle can be analysed using a physicallybased representation of the debrisflow movements. Modelling and software 3rd international congress on environmental modelling and software burlington, vermont, usa july 2006 jul 1st, 12. Topic 5 numerical modelling of debris flows up one level. The presentation is divided into two training sessions. A numerical investigation of the interaction between debris.
It is a twodimensional dynamics modeling of rapid mass movements in 3d terrain. The application of numerical debris flow modelling for the. While flowrs applicability on regional scale has been con. This component is used to model mud and debris flow hazards worldwide including tailings dam failures. Runoff during intense rainstorms plays a major role in generating debris flows in many alpine areas and burned steeplands. I am modelling a debris flow along a ravine for academic purpose. Description and numerical modelling of the october 2000 nora debris flow, northwestern italian alps. Landslides and avalanches have the potential to trigger devastating flood waves as debris or land mass impacts the fluid surface of a reservoir. Commonly known as mudslides or mudflows, debris flows are slurries of water, rock, soil, vegetation, and boulders with the consistency of wet concrete. Simulation and modeling of debris flows using satellite. Modelling the impact pressure against an obstacle mathematically consists of two steps. Flo2d software is based on a quadratic shear stress model obrien and julien 2 and it is considered the most appropriate modelling software to describe the continuum of flow regimes from viscous to turbulentdispersive flows tecca et al.
Finally, the dynamic model to estimate the impact force of debris flow was introduced utilizing correlations between the established debris flow velocity model and froude number. Days after fatal debris flows devastated southern californias montecito community, a team of u. It is a general purpose program so dont expect functionsgui specific to this topic. Flo2d software hydrologic and hydraulic modeling software. Relating the shear stress to the flow velocity near the bottom boundary is the key difficulty in modelling debris flows.